Clemente Susini's (1754–1814) vividly accurate but macabre wax models, both beautiful and disturbing.

Eadweard Muybridge (1830 – 1904) pioneering work on locomotion included many male and female nudes of himself and others

Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) physiologist, doctor, biomechanics engineer and inventor of chronophotography.

Wilson Alwyn Bentley frustrated with being unable to view snowflakes under his microscope devised his own methods.